Resolvents of equilibrium problems in a complete geodesic space with negative curvature

In this paper, we propose a resolvent of an equilibrium problem in a geodesic space with negative curvature having the convex hull finite property. We prove its well-definedness as a single-valued mapping whose domain is whole space, and study the fundamental properties.Comment: 10 page

The disintegrin echistatin in combination with doxorubicin targets high-metastatic human osteosarcoma overexpressing ανβ3 integrin in chick embryo and nude mouse models.

Echistatin, a cyclic RGD peptide, which is an antagonist of αvβ3 integrin (disintegrin), inhibited human osteosarcoma in the chick chorioallontoic membrane (CAM) model and tumor growth and pulmonary metastases in a nude mouse orthotopic model. A high-metastatic variant of human osteosarcoma, 143B-LM4, overexpressing αvβ3 integrin was used. Tumor angiogenesis by high-metastatic variant 143B-LM4 cells in the CAM was significantly inhibited by echistatin (P<0.05) as was overall growth. A doxorubicin (DOX)-echistatin combination inhibited orthotopic tumor growth compared to untreated control (P<0.01) or DOX alone (P<0.05) in nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice treated with the DOX-echistatin combination survived longer than those treated with DOX alone or control PBS (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). Echistatin also inhibited experimental lung metastasis of 143B-LM4 cells in nude mice. These results suggest that DOX in combination with a disintegrin has potential to treat osteosarcoma and that αvβ3 integrin may be a target for osteosarcoma

Disintegrin targeting of an αvβ3 integrin-over-expressing high-metastatic human osteosarcoma with echistatin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion in vitro.

The in vitro efficacy of the disintegrin echistatin was tested on a high-metastatic variant of 143B human osteosarcoma, 143B-LM4, which over-expresses αvβ3 integrin. Echistatin is an RGD cyclic peptide and an antagonist of αvβ3 integrin. In the present study, echistatin inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of 143B-LM4 cells. 143B-LM4 cell proliferation decreased after treatment with echistatin in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). In vitro migration and invasion of 143B-LM4 cells were also inhibited by echistatin in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01, respectively). Cell adhesion to vitronectin of 143B-LM4 cells was also inhibited by echistatin in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.01). These results suggest that αvβ3 integrin may be an effective target for osteosarcoma

The Problem of Image Recovery by the Metric Projections in Banach Spaces

We consider the problem of image recovery by the metric projections in a real Banach space. For a countable family of nonempty closed convex subsets, we generate an iterative sequence converging weakly to a point in the intersection of these subsets. Our convergence theorems extend the results proved by Bregman and Crombez

Present and future perspectives on immunotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Going to the core or beating around the bush?

Metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occasionally regress spontaneously after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Although this is an exceptionally rare occurrence, RCC has thus been postulated to be immunogenic. Immunotherapies, including cytokine therapy, peptide-based vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have therefore been used to treat patients with advanced, metastatic RCC. We review the history, trends, and recent progress in immunotherapy for advanced RCC and discuss future perspectives, with consideration of our experimental work on galectin 9 and PINCH as promising specific immunotherapy targets.